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If there was one man, other than Napoleon himself, who determined
the course of the Napoleonic Wars, it was
Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte, comte de Guibert, the foremost military
theorist in France from 1770 to his death in 1790. Taking in the
full scope of the times, from the ideas of the Enlightenment to the
passions of the French Revolution, Jonathan Abel's Guibert is the
first book in English to tell the remarkable story of the man who,
through his pen and political activity, truly earned the title of
Father of the Grande Armee. In his Essai general de tactique,
published in 1771, Guibert set forth the definitive institutional
doctrine for the French army of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic
Wars. But unlike many other martial theorists, Guibert, who served
in the French Ministry of War from 1775 to 1777 and again from 1787
to 1789, was able to put his ideas into practice. Drawing on a
wealth of primary source documents - including Guibert's own papers
and the letters and memoirs of his friends and associates -
Jonathan Abel re-creates the temper of an era of great turbulence
and remarkable creativity. More than a military theorist, Guibert
was very much a man of his day; he attended salons, wrote poetry
and plays, and was inducted into the Academie francaise. A fiery
figure, he rose and fell from power, lived and loved fiercely, and
died swearing that he would ""find justice."" In Abel's account,
Guibert does at last receive a measure of justice: a thorough,
painstakingly documented picture of this complex man in the thick
of extraordinary times, building the foundation for Napoleon's
success between 1796 and 1807 - and in significant ways, changing
the course of European history.
At the height of state censorship in Japan, more indexes of banned
books circulated, more essays on censorship were published, more
works of illicit erotic and proletarian fiction were produced, and
more passages were Xed out than at any other moment before or
since. As censors construct and maintain their own archives, their
acts of suppression yield another archive, filled with documents
on, against, and in favor of censorship. The extant archive of the
Japanese imperial censor (1923-1945) and the archive of the
Occupation censor (1945-1952) stand as tangible reminders of this
contradictory function of censors. As censors removed specific
genres, topics, and words from circulation, some Japanese writers
converted their offensive rants to innocuous fluff after successive
encounters with the authorities. But, another coterie of editors,
bibliographers, and writers responded to censorship by pushing
back, using their encounters with suppression as incitement to rail
against the authorities and to appeal to the prurient interests of
their readers. This study examines these contradictory
relationships between preservation, production, and redaction to
shed light on the dark valley attributed to wartime culture and to
cast a shadow on the supposedly bright, open space of free postwar
discourse. (Winner of the 2010-2011 First Book Award of the
Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University").
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